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Managing transitional developments

After years of planning, the UK government’s Making Tax Digital for Income Tax regime is set to be phased in. Here is all you need to know ahead of its implementation

Words Jessica Bown Images iStock


UK taxpayers who earn money from self-employment or property must use Making Tax Digital (MTD) for Income Tax from:

  • April 2026, if their qualifying income in the 2024-25 tax year exceeds £50,000
  • April 2027, if their qualifying income in the 2025-26 tax year exceeds £30,000
  • April 2028, if their qualifying income in the 2026-27 tax year exceeds £20,000 (plans to reduce the qualifying income threshold to this level have come into force)

Accountants who act for self-employed workers, sole traders and landlords therefore need to be ready to manage their clients’ tax affairs according to the new rules.

This means using MTD-compatible software to maintain digital records and send a quarterly summary of their business and/or property income and expenses to HMRC, as well as their year-end tax return.

It also means being prepared to answer questions from any clients confused by the new regime.

When does MTD for Income Tax start?

The first wave of MTD for Income Tax comes in with the next tax year.

Your clients will need to adhere to the new rules from 6 April 2026 if they:

1. Pay taxes via self-assessment

2. Get income from self-employment or property (or both)

3. Have qualifying income of more than £50,000

Affected businesses will generally be informed of this by HMRC and will have to use MTD for Income Tax for any full accounting period starting on or after 6 April 2026.

DID YOU KNOW?

For accounting periods prior to the MTD start date, they will still need to submit a 2025-26 self-assessment return by 31 January 2027, despite signing up for MTD (unless they participated in the voluntary pilot).

How does MTD for Income Tax affect how clients declare their taxes?

Under MTD rules, you (or your client) will need to use compatible software to create and store digital records of self-employment and property income/expenses, send quarterly updates to HMRC and submit a tax return/pay tax due by 31 January the following year.

The details required by HMRC include:

  • For a self-employment business – income and expenses, tax allowances for vehicles and equipment (e.g. capital allowances), and balancing charges
  • For a property business – UK and overseas income and expenses, allowances and adjustments, and balancing charges

What is the best way to introduce MTD?

Qualifying individuals’ tax returns must also include their total UK dividend income, taxed and untaxed UK savings interest, and any other income sources.

1

Work out which clients are affected

Only clients who make more than £50,000 in self-employment and property income need to adhere to the MTD for Income Tax rules in the first instance.

If they are in this bracket, however, they must declare and pay their taxes under the new regime.

It’s not possible to opt out of MTD for Income Tax, although there are some exemptions – for example, if your client is submitting a tax return as a trustee or on behalf of a non-resident company.

2

Create an agent services account

Your company will need to create an agent services account to use MTD for Income Tax (unless you already have one to use with MTD for VAT returns or trust registration service returns).

These accounts can only be created by company directors, partners or sole traders.

But once you have one, you can set up your staff with administrator or assistant logins to use the account.

To create one, the information you have to provide includes your Government Gateway user ID and password (create one via the sign-in page if you don’t have one), your company’s Unique Taxpayer Reference, postcode and registration number and, in some cases, your National Insurance number and date of birth.

3

Add your client authorisations

To transact for clients under the MTD for Income Tax regime, you will need to both be registered as a tax agent and have authorisation to act on their behalf.

Existing self-assessment client authorisations should work for MTD for Income Tax.

You can check this by signing into your agent services account and select ‘Add existing self-assessment authorisations to your agent services account’.

If existing authorisations have been added, you’ll see a list of the relevant self-assessment agent codes.

If your client’s self-assessment agent code is not in this list, you’ll need to add the relevant code to your account before adding client authorisation.

4

Get compatible software:

MTD for Income Tax data transfers must be digital and automated, so you and, in some instances, your clients need to use compatible software that can: ● Create and store digital records ● Send quarterly updates ● Submit the final declaration ● Receive information from HMRC. Most of the big-name cloud accounting software is already MTD for Income Tax-ready. But this may not be true of all desktop accounting packages, which could need to be updated or upgraded to handle the requirements of the new regime. If your client uses spreadsheets, they will probably need ‘bridging software’ to continue recording their income and expenses this way. For more information, check out HMRC guidance on the different types of software to consider, including a list of approved providers.

5

Sign up your clients

Once you have MTD-compatible software, you can sign up your clients for MTD for Income Tax.

The information you’ll need to do this includes:

● client’s full name

● date of birth

● National Insurance number

● business start date or the date your client started receiving income

● accounting method (cash or accrual basis)

● the tax year your client would like to start using MTD for ITSA.

Remember, you will need to be authorised to act on your client’s behalf to sign them up.

What are the benefits of MTD for Income Tax?

Benefits of the system for accountants include:

  • Clients will have to modernise their accounting processes, which should lead to greater transparency and potentially a closer relationship
  • You can use it to increase revenue and branch out into new areas such as offering guidance on how to sign up or choose the right MTD-compatible software

KEEN TO LEARN MORE?

Check out the AAT Making Tax Digital Centre for more details and the latest updates.


References

Choi JH, Xie C. (2025) Human + AI in accounting: early evidence from the field. See: gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/working-papers/human-ai-accounting-early-evidence-field (accessed 3 November 2025).

World Economic Forum. (2025) The future of jobs report 2025. See: weforum.org/publications/the-future-of-jobs-report-2025 (accessed 3 November 2025).

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